System 1 Decision Benchmark

26 specialized decision models and 3 high-end LLM references. Same 1342 text questions, 31 categories. Updated October 21, 2026.

Leading decision-model score
84.9%
Mammoth-1 · 1139/1342
Highest LLM reference score
85.2%
GPT-6 Sol, reasoning off · 1143/1342
Complete matched coverage
29 routes
38,918 first attempts · 31 categories
Tied decision-model scores
84.0%
Span-02 and Drex Max · 1127 each

Accuracy, speed and cost: all 29 routes

Blue bars: decision models. Pale yellow: separately labelled, no-reasoning LLM references. Every row covers 1342 first attempts.

All 29 routes: accuracy, median and p95 response, and cost
ModelTypeCorrect / questionsMedianp95Cost per 1000Actual 1342-question cost
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoningLLM reference1143/1342
85.2%
1023 ms1546 ms$0.632112$0.848294
Mammoth-1Decision model1139/1342
84.9%
240 ms666 msPromotional free access*Promotional free access*
Drex MaxDecision model1127/1342
84.0%
286 ms445 ms$0.021180$0.028423
Respan Span-02Decision model1127/1342
84.0%
206 ms2157 ms$0.003537$0.004746
Perplexity Decider v1.2Decision model1120/1342
83.5%
249 ms332 ms$0.007000 + ?$0.009394 + ?
Nimble v4 MaxDecision model1115/1342
83.1%
235 ms329 ms$0.027633~$0.037084
d3-turboDecision model1106/1342
82.4%
165 ms298 msFree public access*Free public access*
Liquid d1-ultraDecision model1084/1342
80.8%
200 ms393 ms$0.012124 + ?$0.016270 + ?
Amos 1 LargeDecision model1074/1342
80.0%
311 ms360 msFree public access*Free public access*
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choiceLLM reference1070/1342
79.7%
1506 ms2424 ms$1.433613$1.923908
kettei-fatDecision model1066/1342
79.4%
174 ms214 ms$0.015433$0.020711
Jev 1.14Decision model1030/1342
76.8%
179 ms269 ms$0.024571$0.032974
Jev 1.13Decision model1026/1342
76.5%
189 ms323 ms$0.024571$0.032974
Mercury DecideDecision model1017/1342
75.8%
238 ms388 ms$0.006956$0.009334
Elephant-1Decision model1004/1342
74.8%
139 ms272 msPromotional free access*Promotional free access*
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper CharmLLM reference967/1342
72.1%
1191 ms1731 ms$0.614821 + ?$0.825090 + ? quota
Liquid d1Decision model965/1342
71.9%
206 ms827 ms$0.005773$0.007748
Cloudflare ClefDecision model936/1342
69.7%
268 ms417 ms$0.017594$0.023611
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.2Decision model923/1342
68.8%
159 ms231 ms$0.003406 + ?$0.004570 + ?
Microsoft-Decision-1Decision model921/1342
68.6%
283 ms566 ms$0.012237$0.016422
Drex v2.0Decision model915/1342
68.2%
232 ms755 ms$0.016661 + ?$0.022359 + ?
Cloudflare Clef FlashDecision model860/1342
64.1%
245 ms353 ms$0.008797$0.011806
Cloudflare Clef OmniDecision model860/1342
64.1%
241 ms400 ms$0.061511 + ?$0.082547 + ?
Drex v1.5Decision model853/1342
63.6%
203 ms649 ms$0.011160$0.014976
Kev 4BDecision model822/1342
61.3%
225 ms377 ms$0.011718$0.015725
Luna 6 DecisionsDecision model758/1342
56.5%
254 ms527 ms$0.035840 + ?$0.048097 + ?
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)Decision model751/1342
56.0%
198 ms253 ms$0.015657$0.021011
ScaleDown Classify-1Decision model550/1342
41.0%
268 ms362 ms$0.021388$0.028703
Solar Decide FlashDecision model538/1342
40.1%
540 ms747 ms$0.030203 + ?$0.040532 + ?

*Free public or promotional access is not an API-reported $0 receipt or a permanent production price. No numeric free-price point is plotted. Baseten’s launch promotion is temporary. Costs per 1000 are normalized from actual 1342-question totals; + ? preserves unreported charges. Qwen is a prepaid-quota valuation.

Fixed speed and cost color bands
BandResponse timeKnown cost per 1,000
Green≤250 ms≤$0.010
Yellow>250–500 ms>$0.010–0.025
Orange>500–1,000 ms>$0.025–0.050
Red>1,000 ms>$0.050

Thresholds use unrounded values. Incomplete costs describe a known lower bound. The median, not p95, is the speed-screening measure.

October 21: Mammoth-1, Elephant-1 and Drex Max

ModelCorrect /1342Average (mean)Medianp95Actual run cost / accessRoute
Mammoth-11139/1342 ·84.9%301.4 ms239.6 ms665.6 msPromotional free access*Direct → Baseten → decision-models/baseten-mammoth-27b-latest
Elephant-11004/1342 ·74.8%163.9 ms139.2 ms271.9 msPromotional free access*Direct → Baseten → decision-models/baseten-elephant-9b-latest
Drex Max1127/1342 ·84.0%289.8 ms285.8 ms444.8 ms$0.028423OpenRouter → DeepInfra → nace-ai/drex-max

All 4026 new first attempts were usable, without recoveries or probability-format warnings. Neither partial OpenRouter control is ranked. Earlier 26 model records are unchanged.

Mammoth-1 leads the decision-model sample

Mammoth-1 answered 1139/1342 correctly (84.9%), twelve more than Span-02 and Drex Max, which tied at 1127/1342 (84.0%). GPT-6 Sol without reasoning answered 1143 correctly (85.2%), four more than Mammoth. The four-answer gap does not establish a reliable general ordering. Mammoth’s median response was 240 ms and Sol’s was 1023 ms: about 4.3 times longer for Sol on these measured routes. Sonnet’s separately constrained, no-thinking reference remains 1070/1342 (79.7%).

The leader still has specific weak operations

Mammoth scored 64/67 on one-to-one assignments—matching each person or object to exactly one available slot—and 57/58 on exceptions and priority rules. Tracking what others know gave 47/50. These tasks can ask where someone will search after an object moved while they were absent. Counting exactly true claims gave 44/71, truth-tellers and liars 48/74, and ordered procedures only 18/48. Procedures require applying each edit to the current state, not merely recognizing a plausible final answer. Span scored 33/48 there, despite its lower overall total. Mammoth also scored 38/52 on tracking swaps, versus Span’s 28/52.

Drex Max ties Span overall, with different strengths

Drex Max scored 65/67 on one-to-one assignments and 45/46 on if-then rules, versus Span’s 63/67 and 32/46. On procedures, Drex scored 18/48 and Span 33/48; on worst-case choices without supplied probabilities, Drex scored 5/8 and Span 8/8. Equal overall totals do not mean the same decisions will be correct. Drex’s median/p95 was 286/445 ms, versus Span’s previously measured 206/2157 ms: Span had the shorter median, Drex the shorter tail. Drex’s complete API-reported cost was $0.02842302, normalized to $0.02118 per 1000 questions. Span’s recorded $0.00474628 total was about six times lower.

Elephant-1 is fast, but not a uniform improvement over Jev

Elephant-1 scored 1004/1342 (74.8%), below Jev 1.14’s 1030/1342 (76.8%). Its 139 ms median was shorter than Jev’s 179 ms. Elephant still scored 60/67 on one-to-one assignments and 46/50 on knowledge tracking, versus Jev’s 57/67 and 44/50. Comparing time intervals gave Elephant 25/42 and Jev 40/42; checking required conditions gave 38/52 and 48/52. A newer release is not automatically stronger across this bank.

The added questions expose more separation

On the original 1136 questions, Mammoth scored 1019/1136 (89.7%), Drex Max 1004/1136 (88.4%) and Elephant 902/1136 (79.4%). On the 206 additions their scores were 120/206 (58.3%), 123/206 (59.7%) and 102/206 (49.5%). This is a descriptive split, not a second leaderboard or a change in weighting. Across the six new categories, Mammoth scored 30/48, Drex 29/48 and Elephant 22/48. Each new category contains only eight questions; one answer moves its score by 12.5 percentage points.

Jev’s position is a measured result, not an explanation of its roadmap

Mammoth answered 109 more questions correctly than Jev 1.14; Drex Max answered 97 more. Jev still answered all 46 if-then questions correctly, versus 45 each for Mammoth and Drex. This bank measures supplied-fact, five-choice decisions without tools or agentic iteration; it does not test broad knowledge, multilingual coverage or product integration. It cannot establish why a developer has or has not improved a model.

Free launch access is separate from a production price

Mammoth and Elephant used Baseten’s direct API at the captured promotional zero tariff. Their responses did not contain monetary receipts, so the report does not invent an API-reported $0 price or plot one on the logarithmic cost axis. Baseten advertises a one-week launch promotion; availability and later prices may change. Their 20-question OpenRouter controls agreed with the direct route on all 20 choices for each model. Those controls are not pooled into the full-bank scores or latency measurements.

High-end LLM references, reasoning off

These three selected reference routes show the level of immediate decision performance alongside generative models. They are not an exhaustive ranking of every LLM that can disable reasoning. No tools or iterative repair; 16 output tokens maximum.

Sol: OpenRouter → OpenAI, explicit reasoning off. Sonnet: OpenRouter → Anthropic, no tools, constrained JSON-choice schema. Both complete runs report zero reasoning/thinking tokens. Sonnet’s separate bare-ID trial produced 84 unusable outputs among 110 and is not pooled into its complete score. Qwen: Hyper Charm, reasoning_effort=none; the route does not report reasoning-token counts, so missing telemetry is not called zero. Its original delivery failures remain in the denominator.

Category scores: what each task means

All 31 categories are arranged into five reading groups. These groups organize the display only; they do not change the benchmark, its weighting or any score.

How to read these results

  • Read a row to compare one model across the named tasks. Read a column to compare models on one task.
  • Each cell gives correct answers / questions, followed by the percentage. For example, 6/8 · 75% means six correct first decisions out of eight, not a confidence rating.
  • Darker blue means higher accuracy on the same fixed 0-100% scale throughout. Random guessing among five choices averages 20%. Percentages help compare differently sized categories; counts show the size of the evidence.
  • The model names stay visible when you scroll sideways. On a narrow screen, each explanation card also has an All 29 routes list with no wide matrix to decode.
  • Small categories are coarse: one answer changes an eight-question category by 12.5 percentage points. A perfect sampled score is not a reliability guarantee.
0%20%40%60%80%100%

Rules and evidence

Which facts meet a rule, which conclusions follow, and when is the evidence insufficient?

ModelLookup and filtering43 questionsFollowing if-then rules46 questionsChecking required conditions52 questionsCombining AND, OR and NOT54 questionsAll, some, none and sets49 questionsEnough evidence or a conflict?41 questions
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning42/4397.7%45/4697.8%52/52100.0%53/5498.1%46/4993.9%37/4190.2%
Mammoth-140/4393.0%45/4697.8%50/5296.2%51/5494.4%43/4987.8%38/4192.7%
Drex Max41/4395.3%45/4697.8%50/5296.2%51/5494.4%46/4993.9%35/4185.4%
Respan Span-0239/4390.7%32/4669.6%44/5284.6%50/5492.6%43/4987.8%36/4187.8%
Perplexity Decider v1.240/4393.0%45/4697.8%50/5296.2%48/5488.9%44/4989.8%37/4190.2%
Nimble v4 Max41/4395.3%45/4697.8%49/5294.2%50/5492.6%45/4991.8%32/4178.0%
d3-turbo41/4395.3%46/46100.0%51/5298.1%50/5492.6%45/4991.8%35/4185.4%
Liquid d1-ultra41/4395.3%44/4695.7%50/5296.2%51/5494.4%45/4991.8%35/4185.4%
Amos 1 Large40/4393.0%44/4695.7%49/5294.2%51/5494.4%45/4991.8%35/4185.4%
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice42/4397.7%45/4697.8%48/5292.3%49/5490.7%45/4991.8%33/4180.5%
kettei-fat41/4395.3%46/46100.0%50/5296.2%50/5492.6%47/4995.9%36/4187.8%
Jev 1.1439/4390.7%46/46100.0%48/5292.3%49/5490.7%46/4993.9%32/4178.0%
Jev 1.1341/4395.3%45/4697.8%49/5294.2%51/5494.4%44/4989.8%29/4170.7%
Mercury Decide38/4388.4%43/4693.5%28/5253.8%49/5490.7%46/4993.9%30/4173.2%
Elephant-140/4393.0%44/4695.7%38/5273.1%48/5488.9%44/4989.8%30/4173.2%
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm37/4386.0%38/4682.6%44/5284.6%45/5483.3%44/4989.8%25/4161.0%
Liquid d140/4393.0%41/4689.1%35/5267.3%50/5492.6%42/4985.7%32/4178.0%
Cloudflare Clef40/4393.0%39/4684.8%39/5275.0%46/5485.2%44/4989.8%29/4170.7%
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.236/4383.7%43/4693.5%41/5278.8%38/5470.4%38/4977.6%30/4173.2%
Microsoft-Decision-138/4388.4%38/4682.6%25/5248.1%37/5468.5%41/4983.7%28/4168.3%
Drex v2.039/4390.7%33/4671.7%27/5251.9%44/5481.5%43/4987.8%33/4180.5%
Cloudflare Clef Flash38/4388.4%34/4673.9%35/5267.3%37/5468.5%42/4985.7%27/4165.9%
Cloudflare Clef Omni40/4393.0%26/4656.5%41/5278.8%41/5475.9%41/4983.7%26/4163.4%
Drex v1.538/4388.4%26/4656.5%26/5250.0%36/5466.7%41/4983.7%21/4151.2%
Kev 4B39/4390.7%36/4678.3%33/5263.5%34/5463.0%42/4985.7%30/4173.2%
Luna 6 Decisions39/4390.7%27/4658.7%15/5228.8%34/5463.0%38/4977.6%22/4153.7%
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)38/4388.4%25/4654.3%29/5255.8%33/5461.1%37/4975.5%23/4156.1%
ScaleDown Classify-131/4372.1%18/4639.1%13/5225.0%17/5431.5%28/4957.1%17/4141.5%
Solar Decide Flash27/4362.8%22/4647.8%15/5228.8%14/5425.9%36/4973.5%8/4119.5%

Rows keep the same overall-score order in every group. This is not a category-specific ranking. Expand a category card below for its own ranking.

Lookup and filtering

F01 · 43 questions

Select records that meet stated conditions

Example: Which listed request is both signed and marked urgent?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none), Sonnet 5.5 (LLM, JSON) · 42/43 (97.7%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning42/43 (97.7%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice42/43 (97.7%)
Drex Max41/43 (95.3%)
Nimble v4 Max41/43 (95.3%)
d3-turbo41/43 (95.3%)
Liquid d1-ultra41/43 (95.3%)
kettei-fat41/43 (95.3%)
Jev 1.1341/43 (95.3%)
Mammoth-140/43 (93.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.240/43 (93.0%)
Amos 1 Large40/43 (93.0%)
Elephant-140/43 (93.0%)
Liquid d140/43 (93.0%)
Cloudflare Clef40/43 (93.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni40/43 (93.0%)
Respan Span-0239/43 (90.7%)
Jev 1.1439/43 (90.7%)
Drex v2.039/43 (90.7%)
Kev 4B39/43 (90.7%)
Luna 6 Decisions39/43 (90.7%)
Mercury Decide38/43 (88.4%)
Microsoft-Decision-138/43 (88.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash38/43 (88.4%)
Drex v1.538/43 (88.4%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)38/43 (88.4%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm37/43 (86.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.236/43 (83.7%)
ScaleDown Classify-131/43 (72.1%)
Solar Decide Flash27/43 (62.8%)

Following if-then rules

F02 · 46 questions

Apply an implication from its trigger

Example: If an active badge grants entry and this badge is active, what follows?

Highest observed: d3-turbo, kettei-fat, Jev 1.14 · 46/46 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
d3-turbo46/46 (100.0%)
kettei-fat46/46 (100.0%)
Jev 1.1446/46 (100.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning45/46 (97.8%)
Mammoth-145/46 (97.8%)
Drex Max45/46 (97.8%)
Perplexity Decider v1.245/46 (97.8%)
Nimble v4 Max45/46 (97.8%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice45/46 (97.8%)
Jev 1.1345/46 (97.8%)
Liquid d1-ultra44/46 (95.7%)
Amos 1 Large44/46 (95.7%)
Elephant-144/46 (95.7%)
Mercury Decide43/46 (93.5%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.243/46 (93.5%)
Liquid d141/46 (89.1%)
Cloudflare Clef39/46 (84.8%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm38/46 (82.6%)
Microsoft-Decision-138/46 (82.6%)
Kev 4B36/46 (78.3%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash34/46 (73.9%)
Drex v2.033/46 (71.7%)
Respan Span-0232/46 (69.6%)
Luna 6 Decisions27/46 (58.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni26/46 (56.5%)
Drex v1.526/46 (56.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)25/46 (54.3%)
Solar Decide Flash22/46 (47.8%)
ScaleDown Classify-118/46 (39.1%)

Checking required conditions

F03 · 52 questions

Reason backward from a missing required condition

Example: Every approved request needs a valid ticket; can one without a ticket be approved?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 52/52 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning52/52 (100.0%)
d3-turbo51/52 (98.1%)
Mammoth-150/52 (96.2%)
Drex Max50/52 (96.2%)
Perplexity Decider v1.250/52 (96.2%)
Liquid d1-ultra50/52 (96.2%)
kettei-fat50/52 (96.2%)
Nimble v4 Max49/52 (94.2%)
Amos 1 Large49/52 (94.2%)
Jev 1.1349/52 (94.2%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice48/52 (92.3%)
Jev 1.1448/52 (92.3%)
Respan Span-0244/52 (84.6%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm44/52 (84.6%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.241/52 (78.8%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni41/52 (78.8%)
Cloudflare Clef39/52 (75.0%)
Elephant-138/52 (73.1%)
Liquid d135/52 (67.3%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash35/52 (67.3%)
Kev 4B33/52 (63.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)29/52 (55.8%)
Mercury Decide28/52 (53.8%)
Drex v2.027/52 (51.9%)
Drex v1.526/52 (50.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-125/52 (48.1%)
Luna 6 Decisions15/52 (28.8%)
Solar Decide Flash15/52 (28.8%)
ScaleDown Classify-113/52 (25.0%)

Combining AND, OR and NOT

F04 · 54 questions

Track combinations such as both, either and exactly one

Example: Which choice satisfies exactly one of two stated conditions?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 53/54 (98.1%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning53/54 (98.1%)
Mammoth-151/54 (94.4%)
Drex Max51/54 (94.4%)
Liquid d1-ultra51/54 (94.4%)
Amos 1 Large51/54 (94.4%)
Jev 1.1351/54 (94.4%)
Respan Span-0250/54 (92.6%)
Nimble v4 Max50/54 (92.6%)
d3-turbo50/54 (92.6%)
kettei-fat50/54 (92.6%)
Liquid d150/54 (92.6%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice49/54 (90.7%)
Jev 1.1449/54 (90.7%)
Mercury Decide49/54 (90.7%)
Perplexity Decider v1.248/54 (88.9%)
Elephant-148/54 (88.9%)
Cloudflare Clef46/54 (85.2%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm45/54 (83.3%)
Drex v2.044/54 (81.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni41/54 (75.9%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.238/54 (70.4%)
Microsoft-Decision-137/54 (68.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash37/54 (68.5%)
Drex v1.536/54 (66.7%)
Kev 4B34/54 (63.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions34/54 (63.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)33/54 (61.1%)
ScaleDown Classify-117/54 (31.5%)
Solar Decide Flash14/54 (25.9%)

All, some, none and sets

F05 · 49 questions

Track all, some, none and overlapping groups

Example: All teal tokens are marked; no marked token is blank; which relation follows?

Highest observed: kettei-fat · 47/49 (95.9%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
kettei-fat47/49 (95.9%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning46/49 (93.9%)
Drex Max46/49 (93.9%)
Jev 1.1446/49 (93.9%)
Mercury Decide46/49 (93.9%)
Nimble v4 Max45/49 (91.8%)
d3-turbo45/49 (91.8%)
Liquid d1-ultra45/49 (91.8%)
Amos 1 Large45/49 (91.8%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice45/49 (91.8%)
Perplexity Decider v1.244/49 (89.8%)
Jev 1.1344/49 (89.8%)
Elephant-144/49 (89.8%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm44/49 (89.8%)
Cloudflare Clef44/49 (89.8%)
Mammoth-143/49 (87.8%)
Respan Span-0243/49 (87.8%)
Drex v2.043/49 (87.8%)
Liquid d142/49 (85.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash42/49 (85.7%)
Kev 4B42/49 (85.7%)
Microsoft-Decision-141/49 (83.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni41/49 (83.7%)
Drex v1.541/49 (83.7%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.238/49 (77.6%)
Luna 6 Decisions38/49 (77.6%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)37/49 (75.5%)
Solar Decide Flash36/49 (73.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-128/49 (57.1%)

Enough evidence or a conflict?

F11 · 41 questions

Determine whether facts force an answer or contradict one another

Example: Is a proposed arrangement determined, impossible or still underdetermined?

Highest observed: Mammoth-1 · 38/41 (92.7%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Mammoth-138/41 (92.7%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning37/41 (90.2%)
Perplexity Decider v1.237/41 (90.2%)
Respan Span-0236/41 (87.8%)
kettei-fat36/41 (87.8%)
Drex Max35/41 (85.4%)
d3-turbo35/41 (85.4%)
Liquid d1-ultra35/41 (85.4%)
Amos 1 Large35/41 (85.4%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice33/41 (80.5%)
Drex v2.033/41 (80.5%)
Nimble v4 Max32/41 (78.0%)
Jev 1.1432/41 (78.0%)
Liquid d132/41 (78.0%)
Mercury Decide30/41 (73.2%)
Elephant-130/41 (73.2%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.230/41 (73.2%)
Kev 4B30/41 (73.2%)
Jev 1.1329/41 (70.7%)
Cloudflare Clef29/41 (70.7%)
Microsoft-Decision-128/41 (68.3%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash27/41 (65.9%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni26/41 (63.4%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm25/41 (61.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)23/41 (56.1%)
Luna 6 Decisions22/41 (53.7%)
Drex v1.521/41 (51.2%)
ScaleDown Classify-117/41 (41.5%)
Solar Decide Flash8/41 (19.5%)
View or download the full-size chart for this group
All 29 routes: Rules and evidence; full category names, exact correct counts and percentages

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Ordering, schedules and assignments

Can the model combine comparisons, fit a schedule, assign unique partners and apply tie-break rules?

ModelOrdering by comparisons40 questionsScheduling under constraints76 questionsOne-to-one assignments67 questionsComparing time intervals42 questionsRanking with tie-break rules51 questions
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning38/4095.0%56/7673.7%61/6791.0%40/4295.2%48/5194.1%
Mammoth-139/4097.5%59/7677.6%64/6795.5%40/4295.2%48/5194.1%
Drex Max39/4097.5%50/7665.8%65/6797.0%40/4295.2%48/5194.1%
Respan Span-0238/4095.0%58/7676.3%63/6794.0%40/4295.2%49/5196.1%
Perplexity Decider v1.238/4095.0%54/7671.1%65/6797.0%39/4292.9%47/5192.2%
Nimble v4 Max38/4095.0%51/7667.1%60/6789.6%41/4297.6%49/5196.1%
d3-turbo38/4095.0%54/7671.1%63/6794.0%41/4297.6%48/5194.1%
Liquid d1-ultra39/4097.5%57/7675.0%55/6782.1%38/4290.5%47/5192.2%
Amos 1 Large38/4095.0%54/7671.1%62/6792.5%41/4297.6%47/5192.2%
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice37/4092.5%50/7665.8%62/6792.5%38/4290.5%49/5196.1%
kettei-fat39/4097.5%44/7657.9%53/6779.1%39/4292.9%48/5194.1%
Jev 1.1438/4095.0%48/7663.2%57/6785.1%40/4295.2%48/5194.1%
Jev 1.1340/40100.0%50/7665.8%54/6780.6%41/4297.6%46/5190.2%
Mercury Decide37/4092.5%50/7665.8%52/6777.6%35/4283.3%47/5192.2%
Elephant-140/40100.0%49/7664.5%60/6789.6%25/4259.5%46/5190.2%
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm40/40100.0%42/7655.3%58/6786.6%34/4281.0%47/5192.2%
Liquid d138/4095.0%47/7661.8%48/6771.6%37/4288.1%46/5190.2%
Cloudflare Clef37/4092.5%43/7656.6%42/6762.7%31/4273.8%45/5188.2%
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.237/4092.5%40/7652.6%47/6770.1%28/4266.7%45/5188.2%
Microsoft-Decision-139/4097.5%41/7653.9%44/6765.7%33/4278.6%44/5186.3%
Drex v2.037/4092.5%50/7665.8%43/6764.2%33/4278.6%42/5182.4%
Cloudflare Clef Flash32/4080.0%35/7646.1%48/6771.6%22/4252.4%45/5188.2%
Cloudflare Clef Omni33/4082.5%36/7647.4%41/6761.2%32/4276.2%43/5184.3%
Drex v1.537/4092.5%51/7667.1%48/6771.6%28/4266.7%44/5186.3%
Kev 4B35/4087.5%37/7648.7%45/6767.2%31/4273.8%48/5194.1%
Luna 6 Decisions35/4087.5%28/7636.8%36/6753.7%25/4259.5%44/5186.3%
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)32/4080.0%28/7636.8%40/6759.7%27/4264.3%47/5192.2%
ScaleDown Classify-134/4085.0%26/7634.2%29/6743.3%13/4231.0%29/5156.9%
Solar Decide Flash34/4085.0%19/7625.0%26/6738.8%17/4240.5%32/5162.7%

Rows keep the same overall-score order in every group. This is not a category-specific ranking. Expand a category card below for its own ranking.

Ordering by comparisons

F06 · 40 questions

Combine ordered comparisons

Example: A is taller than B and B than C; how do A and C compare?

Highest observed: Jev 1.13, Elephant-1, Qwen3.8-Max (LLM, none) · 40/40 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Jev 1.1340/40 (100.0%)
Elephant-140/40 (100.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm40/40 (100.0%)
Mammoth-139/40 (97.5%)
Drex Max39/40 (97.5%)
Liquid d1-ultra39/40 (97.5%)
kettei-fat39/40 (97.5%)
Microsoft-Decision-139/40 (97.5%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning38/40 (95.0%)
Respan Span-0238/40 (95.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.238/40 (95.0%)
Nimble v4 Max38/40 (95.0%)
d3-turbo38/40 (95.0%)
Amos 1 Large38/40 (95.0%)
Jev 1.1438/40 (95.0%)
Liquid d138/40 (95.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice37/40 (92.5%)
Mercury Decide37/40 (92.5%)
Cloudflare Clef37/40 (92.5%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.237/40 (92.5%)
Drex v2.037/40 (92.5%)
Drex v1.537/40 (92.5%)
Kev 4B35/40 (87.5%)
Luna 6 Decisions35/40 (87.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-134/40 (85.0%)
Solar Decide Flash34/40 (85.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni33/40 (82.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash32/40 (80.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)32/40 (80.0%)

Scheduling under constraints

F07 · 76 questions

Fit events around order and exclusion rules

Example: Which timetable puts one meeting before another without overlapping a break?

Highest observed: Mammoth-1 · 59/76 (77.6%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Mammoth-159/76 (77.6%)
Respan Span-0258/76 (76.3%)
Liquid d1-ultra57/76 (75.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning56/76 (73.7%)
Perplexity Decider v1.254/76 (71.1%)
d3-turbo54/76 (71.1%)
Amos 1 Large54/76 (71.1%)
Nimble v4 Max51/76 (67.1%)
Drex v1.551/76 (67.1%)
Drex Max50/76 (65.8%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice50/76 (65.8%)
Jev 1.1350/76 (65.8%)
Mercury Decide50/76 (65.8%)
Drex v2.050/76 (65.8%)
Elephant-149/76 (64.5%)
Jev 1.1448/76 (63.2%)
Liquid d147/76 (61.8%)
kettei-fat44/76 (57.9%)
Cloudflare Clef43/76 (56.6%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm42/76 (55.3%)
Microsoft-Decision-141/76 (53.9%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.240/76 (52.6%)
Kev 4B37/76 (48.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni36/76 (47.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash35/76 (46.1%)
Luna 6 Decisions28/76 (36.8%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)28/76 (36.8%)
ScaleDown Classify-126/76 (34.2%)
Solar Decide Flash19/76 (25.0%)

One-to-one assignments

F08 · 67 questions

Give each item a unique partner while satisfying clues

Example: Assign three people different desks using location restrictions.

Highest observed: Drex Max, Perplexity Decider v1.2 · 65/67 (97.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Drex Max65/67 (97.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.265/67 (97.0%)
Mammoth-164/67 (95.5%)
Respan Span-0263/67 (94.0%)
d3-turbo63/67 (94.0%)
Amos 1 Large62/67 (92.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice62/67 (92.5%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning61/67 (91.0%)
Nimble v4 Max60/67 (89.6%)
Elephant-160/67 (89.6%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm58/67 (86.6%)
Jev 1.1457/67 (85.1%)
Liquid d1-ultra55/67 (82.1%)
Jev 1.1354/67 (80.6%)
kettei-fat53/67 (79.1%)
Mercury Decide52/67 (77.6%)
Liquid d148/67 (71.6%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash48/67 (71.6%)
Drex v1.548/67 (71.6%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.247/67 (70.1%)
Kev 4B45/67 (67.2%)
Microsoft-Decision-144/67 (65.7%)
Drex v2.043/67 (64.2%)
Cloudflare Clef42/67 (62.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni41/67 (61.2%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)40/67 (59.7%)
Luna 6 Decisions36/67 (53.7%)
ScaleDown Classify-129/67 (43.3%)
Solar Decide Flash26/67 (38.8%)

Comparing time intervals

F14 · 42 questions

Compare starts, ends and overlapping periods

Example: Which interval overlaps a specified event without containing it?

Highest observed: Nimble v4 Max, d3-turbo, Amos 1 Large, Jev 1.13 · 41/42 (97.6%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Nimble v4 Max41/42 (97.6%)
d3-turbo41/42 (97.6%)
Amos 1 Large41/42 (97.6%)
Jev 1.1341/42 (97.6%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning40/42 (95.2%)
Mammoth-140/42 (95.2%)
Drex Max40/42 (95.2%)
Respan Span-0240/42 (95.2%)
Jev 1.1440/42 (95.2%)
Perplexity Decider v1.239/42 (92.9%)
kettei-fat39/42 (92.9%)
Liquid d1-ultra38/42 (90.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice38/42 (90.5%)
Liquid d137/42 (88.1%)
Mercury Decide35/42 (83.3%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm34/42 (81.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-133/42 (78.6%)
Drex v2.033/42 (78.6%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni32/42 (76.2%)
Cloudflare Clef31/42 (73.8%)
Kev 4B31/42 (73.8%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.228/42 (66.7%)
Drex v1.528/42 (66.7%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)27/42 (64.3%)
Elephant-125/42 (59.5%)
Luna 6 Decisions25/42 (59.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash22/42 (52.4%)
Solar Decide Flash17/42 (40.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-113/42 (31.0%)

Ranking with tie-break rules

F22 · 51 questions

Rank candidates using explicit tie-break rules

Example: Rank by priority first, then age when priorities tie.

Highest observed: Respan Span-02, Nimble v4 Max, Sonnet 5.5 (LLM, JSON) · 49/51 (96.1%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-0249/51 (96.1%)
Nimble v4 Max49/51 (96.1%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice49/51 (96.1%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning48/51 (94.1%)
Mammoth-148/51 (94.1%)
Drex Max48/51 (94.1%)
d3-turbo48/51 (94.1%)
kettei-fat48/51 (94.1%)
Jev 1.1448/51 (94.1%)
Kev 4B48/51 (94.1%)
Perplexity Decider v1.247/51 (92.2%)
Liquid d1-ultra47/51 (92.2%)
Amos 1 Large47/51 (92.2%)
Mercury Decide47/51 (92.2%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm47/51 (92.2%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)47/51 (92.2%)
Jev 1.1346/51 (90.2%)
Elephant-146/51 (90.2%)
Liquid d146/51 (90.2%)
Cloudflare Clef45/51 (88.2%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.245/51 (88.2%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash45/51 (88.2%)
Microsoft-Decision-144/51 (86.3%)
Drex v1.544/51 (86.3%)
Luna 6 Decisions44/51 (86.3%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni43/51 (84.3%)
Drex v2.042/51 (82.4%)
Solar Decide Flash32/51 (62.7%)
ScaleDown Classify-129/51 (56.9%)
View or download the full-size chart for this group
All 29 routes: Ordering, schedules and assignments; full category names, exact correct counts and percentages

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Claims, changing state and perspectives

Can the model count true statements, update a changing situation and separate what different observers know?

ModelCounting exactly true claims71 questionsTruth-tellers and liars74 questionsTracking swaps52 questionsFollowing step-by-step procedures48 questionsTracking position and direction49 questionsResolving names and references50 questionsTracking what others know50 questions
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning51/7171.8%38/7451.4%32/5261.5%18/4837.5%43/4987.8%38/5076.0%45/5090.0%
Mammoth-144/7162.0%48/7464.9%38/5273.1%18/4837.5%38/4977.6%37/5074.0%47/5094.0%
Drex Max42/7159.2%53/7471.6%29/5255.8%18/4837.5%40/4981.6%39/5078.0%46/5092.0%
Respan Span-0246/7164.8%55/7474.3%28/5253.8%33/4868.8%42/4985.7%42/5084.0%41/5082.0%
Perplexity Decider v1.243/7160.6%58/7478.4%33/5263.5%14/4829.2%35/4971.4%36/5072.0%46/5092.0%
Nimble v4 Max39/7154.9%53/7471.6%35/5267.3%19/4839.6%36/4973.5%38/5076.0%46/5092.0%
d3-turbo35/7149.3%49/7466.2%31/5259.6%20/4841.7%36/4973.5%34/5068.0%47/5094.0%
Liquid d1-ultra42/7159.2%46/7462.2%27/5251.9%11/4822.9%38/4977.6%34/5068.0%45/5090.0%
Amos 1 Large37/7152.1%51/7468.9%26/5250.0%16/4833.3%36/4973.5%30/5060.0%46/5092.0%
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice30/7142.3%41/7455.4%29/5255.8%15/4831.2%43/4987.8%36/5072.0%45/5090.0%
kettei-fat19/7126.8%43/7458.1%29/5255.8%16/4833.3%38/4977.6%37/5074.0%43/5086.0%
Jev 1.1428/7139.4%39/7452.7%30/5257.7%7/4814.6%34/4969.4%34/5068.0%44/5088.0%
Jev 1.1325/7135.2%38/7451.4%29/5255.8%10/4820.8%30/4961.2%33/5066.0%47/5094.0%
Mercury Decide37/7152.1%39/7452.7%34/5265.4%12/4825.0%31/4963.3%35/5070.0%43/5086.0%
Elephant-133/7146.5%43/7458.1%28/5253.8%12/4825.0%29/4959.2%25/5050.0%46/5092.0%
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm24/7133.8%30/7440.5%27/5251.9%11/4822.9%28/4957.1%30/5060.0%38/5076.0%
Liquid d123/7132.4%40/7454.1%33/5263.5%9/4818.8%24/4949.0%29/5058.0%41/5082.0%
Cloudflare Clef27/7138.0%33/7444.6%27/5251.9%11/4822.9%23/4946.9%31/5062.0%42/5084.0%
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.238/7153.5%30/7440.5%23/5244.2%12/4825.0%25/4951.0%34/5068.0%42/5084.0%
Microsoft-Decision-140/7156.3%36/7448.6%24/5246.2%7/4814.6%24/4949.0%32/5064.0%42/5084.0%
Drex v2.027/7138.0%37/7450.0%28/5253.8%12/4825.0%26/4953.1%26/5052.0%25/5050.0%
Cloudflare Clef Flash28/7139.4%34/7445.9%28/5253.8%9/4818.8%16/4932.7%25/5050.0%41/5082.0%
Cloudflare Clef Omni20/7128.2%37/7450.0%30/5257.7%11/4822.9%20/4940.8%21/5042.0%38/5076.0%
Drex v1.533/7146.5%30/7440.5%23/5244.2%13/4827.1%26/4953.1%23/5046.0%29/5058.0%
Kev 4B21/7129.6%33/7444.6%25/5248.1%11/4822.9%26/4953.1%19/5038.0%34/5068.0%
Luna 6 Decisions19/7126.8%23/7431.1%23/5244.2%11/4822.9%22/4944.9%17/5034.0%32/5064.0%
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)16/7122.5%25/7433.8%20/5238.5%15/4831.2%19/4938.8%19/5038.0%31/5062.0%
ScaleDown Classify-122/7131.0%15/7420.3%8/5215.4%11/4822.9%17/4934.7%19/5038.0%21/5042.0%
Solar Decide Flash8/7111.3%23/7431.1%14/5226.9%10/4820.8%13/4926.5%21/5042.0%19/5038.0%

Rows keep the same overall-score order in every group. This is not a category-specific ranking. Expand a category card below for its own ranking.

Counting exactly true claims

F09 · 71 questions

Count precisely how many statements hold

Example: Under the supplied facts, how many of six claims are true?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 51/71 (71.8%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning51/71 (71.8%)
Respan Span-0246/71 (64.8%)
Mammoth-144/71 (62.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.243/71 (60.6%)
Drex Max42/71 (59.2%)
Liquid d1-ultra42/71 (59.2%)
Microsoft-Decision-140/71 (56.3%)
Nimble v4 Max39/71 (54.9%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.238/71 (53.5%)
Amos 1 Large37/71 (52.1%)
Mercury Decide37/71 (52.1%)
d3-turbo35/71 (49.3%)
Elephant-133/71 (46.5%)
Drex v1.533/71 (46.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice30/71 (42.3%)
Jev 1.1428/71 (39.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash28/71 (39.4%)
Cloudflare Clef27/71 (38.0%)
Drex v2.027/71 (38.0%)
Jev 1.1325/71 (35.2%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm24/71 (33.8%)
Liquid d123/71 (32.4%)
ScaleDown Classify-122/71 (31.0%)
Kev 4B21/71 (29.6%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni20/71 (28.2%)
kettei-fat19/71 (26.8%)
Luna 6 Decisions19/71 (26.8%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)16/71 (22.5%)
Solar Decide Flash8/71 (11.3%)

Truth-tellers and liars

F10 · 74 questions

Find a consistent pattern of truthful and false statements

Example: Which assignment of honest and dishonest speakers fits their claims?

Highest observed: Perplexity Decider v1.2 · 58/74 (78.4%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Perplexity Decider v1.258/74 (78.4%)
Respan Span-0255/74 (74.3%)
Drex Max53/74 (71.6%)
Nimble v4 Max53/74 (71.6%)
Amos 1 Large51/74 (68.9%)
d3-turbo49/74 (66.2%)
Mammoth-148/74 (64.9%)
Liquid d1-ultra46/74 (62.2%)
kettei-fat43/74 (58.1%)
Elephant-143/74 (58.1%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice41/74 (55.4%)
Liquid d140/74 (54.1%)
Jev 1.1439/74 (52.7%)
Mercury Decide39/74 (52.7%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning38/74 (51.4%)
Jev 1.1338/74 (51.4%)
Drex v2.037/74 (50.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni37/74 (50.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-136/74 (48.6%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash34/74 (45.9%)
Cloudflare Clef33/74 (44.6%)
Kev 4B33/74 (44.6%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm30/74 (40.5%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.230/74 (40.5%)
Drex v1.530/74 (40.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)25/74 (33.8%)
Luna 6 Decisions23/74 (31.1%)
Solar Decide Flash23/74 (31.1%)
ScaleDown Classify-115/74 (20.3%)

Tracking swaps

F12 · 52 questions

Update locations after repeated exchanges

Example: A red token starts in box A; several box contents are swapped; where does it end?

Highest observed: Mammoth-1 · 38/52 (73.1%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Mammoth-138/52 (73.1%)
Nimble v4 Max35/52 (67.3%)
Mercury Decide34/52 (65.4%)
Perplexity Decider v1.233/52 (63.5%)
Liquid d133/52 (63.5%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning32/52 (61.5%)
d3-turbo31/52 (59.6%)
Jev 1.1430/52 (57.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni30/52 (57.7%)
Drex Max29/52 (55.8%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice29/52 (55.8%)
kettei-fat29/52 (55.8%)
Jev 1.1329/52 (55.8%)
Respan Span-0228/52 (53.8%)
Elephant-128/52 (53.8%)
Drex v2.028/52 (53.8%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash28/52 (53.8%)
Liquid d1-ultra27/52 (51.9%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm27/52 (51.9%)
Cloudflare Clef27/52 (51.9%)
Amos 1 Large26/52 (50.0%)
Kev 4B25/52 (48.1%)
Microsoft-Decision-124/52 (46.2%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.223/52 (44.2%)
Drex v1.523/52 (44.2%)
Luna 6 Decisions23/52 (44.2%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)20/52 (38.5%)
Solar Decide Flash14/52 (26.9%)
ScaleDown Classify-18/52 (15.4%)

Following step-by-step procedures

F13 · 48 questions

Apply each ordered edit to the current state

Example: Toggle one flag, swap two values, then conditionally reset another flag.

Highest observed: Respan Span-02 · 33/48 (68.8%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-0233/48 (68.8%)
d3-turbo20/48 (41.7%)
Nimble v4 Max19/48 (39.6%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning18/48 (37.5%)
Mammoth-118/48 (37.5%)
Drex Max18/48 (37.5%)
Amos 1 Large16/48 (33.3%)
kettei-fat16/48 (33.3%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice15/48 (31.2%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)15/48 (31.2%)
Perplexity Decider v1.214/48 (29.2%)
Drex v1.513/48 (27.1%)
Mercury Decide12/48 (25.0%)
Elephant-112/48 (25.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.212/48 (25.0%)
Drex v2.012/48 (25.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra11/48 (22.9%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm11/48 (22.9%)
Cloudflare Clef11/48 (22.9%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni11/48 (22.9%)
Kev 4B11/48 (22.9%)
Luna 6 Decisions11/48 (22.9%)
ScaleDown Classify-111/48 (22.9%)
Jev 1.1310/48 (20.8%)
Solar Decide Flash10/48 (20.8%)
Liquid d19/48 (18.8%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash9/48 (18.8%)
Jev 1.147/48 (14.6%)
Microsoft-Decision-17/48 (14.6%)

Tracking position and direction

F15 · 49 questions

Update position or direction from described movement

Example: Follow successive turns and moves, then identify the final direction.

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none), Sonnet 5.5 (LLM, JSON) · 43/49 (87.8%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning43/49 (87.8%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice43/49 (87.8%)
Respan Span-0242/49 (85.7%)
Drex Max40/49 (81.6%)
Mammoth-138/49 (77.6%)
Liquid d1-ultra38/49 (77.6%)
kettei-fat38/49 (77.6%)
Nimble v4 Max36/49 (73.5%)
d3-turbo36/49 (73.5%)
Amos 1 Large36/49 (73.5%)
Perplexity Decider v1.235/49 (71.4%)
Jev 1.1434/49 (69.4%)
Mercury Decide31/49 (63.3%)
Jev 1.1330/49 (61.2%)
Elephant-129/49 (59.2%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm28/49 (57.1%)
Drex v2.026/49 (53.1%)
Drex v1.526/49 (53.1%)
Kev 4B26/49 (53.1%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.225/49 (51.0%)
Liquid d124/49 (49.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-124/49 (49.0%)
Cloudflare Clef23/49 (46.9%)
Luna 6 Decisions22/49 (44.9%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni20/49 (40.8%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)19/49 (38.8%)
ScaleDown Classify-117/49 (34.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash16/49 (32.7%)
Solar Decide Flash13/49 (26.5%)

Resolving names and references

F16 · 50 questions

Resolve chains of names, roles and references

Example: Identify the mentor of the colleague named in a nested description.

Highest observed: Respan Span-02 · 42/50 (84.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-0242/50 (84.0%)
Drex Max39/50 (78.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning38/50 (76.0%)
Nimble v4 Max38/50 (76.0%)
Mammoth-137/50 (74.0%)
kettei-fat37/50 (74.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.236/50 (72.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice36/50 (72.0%)
Mercury Decide35/50 (70.0%)
d3-turbo34/50 (68.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra34/50 (68.0%)
Jev 1.1434/50 (68.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.234/50 (68.0%)
Jev 1.1333/50 (66.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-132/50 (64.0%)
Cloudflare Clef31/50 (62.0%)
Amos 1 Large30/50 (60.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm30/50 (60.0%)
Liquid d129/50 (58.0%)
Drex v2.026/50 (52.0%)
Elephant-125/50 (50.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash25/50 (50.0%)
Drex v1.523/50 (46.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni21/50 (42.0%)
Solar Decide Flash21/50 (42.0%)
Kev 4B19/50 (38.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)19/50 (38.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-119/50 (38.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions17/50 (34.0%)

Tracking what others know

F17 · 50 questions

Distinguish what different observers witnessed

Example: An object moves while one observer is absent; where will that observer look?

Highest observed: Mammoth-1, d3-turbo, Jev 1.13 · 47/50 (94.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Mammoth-147/50 (94.0%)
d3-turbo47/50 (94.0%)
Jev 1.1347/50 (94.0%)
Drex Max46/50 (92.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.246/50 (92.0%)
Nimble v4 Max46/50 (92.0%)
Amos 1 Large46/50 (92.0%)
Elephant-146/50 (92.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning45/50 (90.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra45/50 (90.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice45/50 (90.0%)
Jev 1.1444/50 (88.0%)
kettei-fat43/50 (86.0%)
Mercury Decide43/50 (86.0%)
Cloudflare Clef42/50 (84.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.242/50 (84.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-142/50 (84.0%)
Respan Span-0241/50 (82.0%)
Liquid d141/50 (82.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash41/50 (82.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm38/50 (76.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni38/50 (76.0%)
Kev 4B34/50 (68.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions32/50 (64.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)31/50 (62.0%)
Drex v1.529/50 (58.0%)
Drex v2.025/50 (50.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-121/50 (42.0%)
Solar Decide Flash19/50 (38.0%)
View or download the full-size chart for this group
All 29 routes: Claims, changing state and perspectives; full category names, exact correct counts and percentages

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Causes, plans and exceptions

Which actions work, which consequences change, and which rule or source controls when information conflicts?

ModelChanging a cause50 questionsExceptions and priority rules58 questionsPlanning valid action sequences43 questionsFollowing directed connections43 questionsFinding rule violations52 questionsChoosing authoritative current records43 questionsDiagnosing faults from evidence50 questions
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning44/5088.0%57/5898.3%39/4390.7%41/4395.3%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%49/5098.0%
Mammoth-144/5088.0%57/5898.3%39/4390.7%41/4395.3%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%47/5094.0%
Drex Max46/5092.0%54/5893.1%39/4390.7%42/4397.7%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%46/5092.0%
Respan Span-0247/5094.0%53/5891.4%39/4390.7%40/4393.0%51/5298.1%38/4388.4%46/5092.0%
Perplexity Decider v1.246/5092.0%54/5893.1%38/4388.4%42/4397.7%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%48/5096.0%
Nimble v4 Max45/5090.0%57/5898.3%40/4393.0%40/4393.0%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%47/5094.0%
d3-turbo38/5076.0%56/5896.6%38/4388.4%41/4395.3%52/52100.0%42/4397.7%48/5096.0%
Liquid d1-ultra40/5080.0%57/5898.3%39/4390.7%40/4393.0%51/5298.1%42/4397.7%45/5090.0%
Amos 1 Large36/5072.0%55/5894.8%38/4388.4%41/4395.3%50/5296.2%41/4395.3%44/5088.0%
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice41/5082.0%53/5891.4%36/4383.7%40/4393.0%52/52100.0%39/4390.7%46/5092.0%
kettei-fat45/5090.0%56/5896.6%38/4388.4%42/4397.7%51/5298.1%43/43100.0%46/5092.0%
Jev 1.1438/5076.0%48/5882.8%38/4388.4%42/4397.7%49/5294.2%37/4386.0%45/5090.0%
Jev 1.1342/5084.0%51/5887.9%38/4388.4%41/4395.3%48/5292.3%39/4390.7%44/5088.0%
Mercury Decide35/5070.0%55/5894.8%38/4388.4%40/4393.0%51/5298.1%40/4393.0%46/5092.0%
Elephant-134/5068.0%54/5893.1%38/4388.4%41/4395.3%50/5296.2%40/4393.0%45/5090.0%
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm36/5072.0%53/5891.4%35/4381.4%40/4393.0%49/5294.2%38/4388.4%46/5092.0%
Liquid d128/5056.0%51/5887.9%39/4390.7%40/4393.0%49/5294.2%38/4388.4%46/5092.0%
Cloudflare Clef27/5054.0%51/5887.9%38/4388.4%40/4393.0%49/5294.2%39/4390.7%41/5082.0%
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.229/5058.0%47/5881.0%37/4386.0%40/4393.0%47/5290.4%39/4390.7%39/5078.0%
Microsoft-Decision-124/5048.0%52/5889.7%37/4386.0%40/4393.0%47/5290.4%39/4390.7%46/5092.0%
Drex v2.036/5072.0%48/5882.8%33/4376.7%42/4397.7%47/5290.4%37/4386.0%44/5088.0%
Cloudflare Clef Flash29/5058.0%43/5874.1%33/4376.7%36/4383.7%44/5284.6%38/4388.4%40/5080.0%
Cloudflare Clef Omni20/5040.0%50/5886.2%30/4369.8%37/4386.0%46/5288.5%38/4388.4%42/5084.0%
Drex v1.522/5044.0%48/5882.8%27/4362.8%39/4390.7%46/5288.5%39/4390.7%41/5082.0%
Kev 4B29/5058.0%39/5867.2%24/4355.8%40/4393.0%37/5271.2%20/4346.5%36/5072.0%
Luna 6 Decisions21/5042.0%47/5881.0%25/4358.1%39/4390.7%44/5284.6%36/4383.7%34/5068.0%
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)20/5040.0%42/5872.4%28/4365.1%35/4381.4%39/5275.0%29/4367.4%39/5078.0%
ScaleDown Classify-112/5024.0%28/5848.3%14/4332.6%31/4372.1%30/5257.7%33/4376.7%25/5050.0%
Solar Decide Flash10/5020.0%28/5848.3%16/4337.2%33/4376.7%29/5255.8%23/4353.5%28/5056.0%

Rows keep the same overall-score order in every group. This is not a category-specific ranking. Expand a category card below for its own ranking.

Changing a cause

F18 · 50 questions

Recompute consequences of changing a specified input

Example: Force a switch off while holding other inputs fixed; which lamp now lights?

Highest observed: Respan Span-02 · 47/50 (94.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-0247/50 (94.0%)
Drex Max46/50 (92.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.246/50 (92.0%)
Nimble v4 Max45/50 (90.0%)
kettei-fat45/50 (90.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning44/50 (88.0%)
Mammoth-144/50 (88.0%)
Jev 1.1342/50 (84.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice41/50 (82.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra40/50 (80.0%)
d3-turbo38/50 (76.0%)
Jev 1.1438/50 (76.0%)
Amos 1 Large36/50 (72.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm36/50 (72.0%)
Drex v2.036/50 (72.0%)
Mercury Decide35/50 (70.0%)
Elephant-134/50 (68.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.229/50 (58.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash29/50 (58.0%)
Kev 4B29/50 (58.0%)
Liquid d128/50 (56.0%)
Cloudflare Clef27/50 (54.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-124/50 (48.0%)
Drex v1.522/50 (44.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions21/50 (42.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni20/50 (40.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)20/50 (40.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-112/50 (24.0%)
Solar Decide Flash10/50 (20.0%)

Exceptions and priority rules

F19 · 58 questions

Apply a rule, its exception and stated precedence

Example: A badge permits entry unless a higher-priority suspension applies.

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none), Mammoth-1, Nimble v4 Max, Liquid d1-ultra · 57/58 (98.3%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning57/58 (98.3%)
Mammoth-157/58 (98.3%)
Nimble v4 Max57/58 (98.3%)
Liquid d1-ultra57/58 (98.3%)
d3-turbo56/58 (96.6%)
kettei-fat56/58 (96.6%)
Amos 1 Large55/58 (94.8%)
Mercury Decide55/58 (94.8%)
Drex Max54/58 (93.1%)
Perplexity Decider v1.254/58 (93.1%)
Elephant-154/58 (93.1%)
Respan Span-0253/58 (91.4%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice53/58 (91.4%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm53/58 (91.4%)
Microsoft-Decision-152/58 (89.7%)
Jev 1.1351/58 (87.9%)
Liquid d151/58 (87.9%)
Cloudflare Clef51/58 (87.9%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni50/58 (86.2%)
Jev 1.1448/58 (82.8%)
Drex v2.048/58 (82.8%)
Drex v1.548/58 (82.8%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.247/58 (81.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions47/58 (81.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash43/58 (74.1%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)42/58 (72.4%)
Kev 4B39/58 (67.2%)
ScaleDown Classify-128/58 (48.3%)
Solar Decide Flash28/58 (48.3%)

Planning valid action sequences

F20 · 43 questions

Choose an action sequence whose requirements are met

Example: Obtain a key before opening a locked door, with limited moves available.

Highest observed: Nimble v4 Max · 40/43 (93.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Nimble v4 Max40/43 (93.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning39/43 (90.7%)
Mammoth-139/43 (90.7%)
Drex Max39/43 (90.7%)
Respan Span-0239/43 (90.7%)
Liquid d1-ultra39/43 (90.7%)
Liquid d139/43 (90.7%)
Perplexity Decider v1.238/43 (88.4%)
d3-turbo38/43 (88.4%)
Amos 1 Large38/43 (88.4%)
kettei-fat38/43 (88.4%)
Jev 1.1438/43 (88.4%)
Jev 1.1338/43 (88.4%)
Mercury Decide38/43 (88.4%)
Elephant-138/43 (88.4%)
Cloudflare Clef38/43 (88.4%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.237/43 (86.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-137/43 (86.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice36/43 (83.7%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm35/43 (81.4%)
Drex v2.033/43 (76.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash33/43 (76.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni30/43 (69.8%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)28/43 (65.1%)
Drex v1.527/43 (62.8%)
Luna 6 Decisions25/43 (58.1%)
Kev 4B24/43 (55.8%)
Solar Decide Flash16/43 (37.2%)
ScaleDown Classify-114/43 (32.6%)

Following directed connections

F21 · 43 questions

Follow arrows in their permitted direction

Example: Can node A reach node D through the listed directed links?

Highest observed: Drex Max, Perplexity Decider v1.2, kettei-fat, Jev 1.14, Drex v2.0 · 42/43 (97.7%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Drex Max42/43 (97.7%)
Perplexity Decider v1.242/43 (97.7%)
kettei-fat42/43 (97.7%)
Jev 1.1442/43 (97.7%)
Drex v2.042/43 (97.7%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning41/43 (95.3%)
Mammoth-141/43 (95.3%)
d3-turbo41/43 (95.3%)
Amos 1 Large41/43 (95.3%)
Jev 1.1341/43 (95.3%)
Elephant-141/43 (95.3%)
Respan Span-0240/43 (93.0%)
Nimble v4 Max40/43 (93.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra40/43 (93.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice40/43 (93.0%)
Mercury Decide40/43 (93.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm40/43 (93.0%)
Liquid d140/43 (93.0%)
Cloudflare Clef40/43 (93.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.240/43 (93.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-140/43 (93.0%)
Kev 4B40/43 (93.0%)
Drex v1.539/43 (90.7%)
Luna 6 Decisions39/43 (90.7%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni37/43 (86.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash36/43 (83.7%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)35/43 (81.4%)
Solar Decide Flash33/43 (76.7%)
ScaleDown Classify-131/43 (72.1%)

Finding rule violations

F23 · 52 questions

Find a case that violates a stated rule

Example: Which listed record disproves the claim that every approved item is signed?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none), Mammoth-1, Drex Max, Perplexity Decider v1.2, Nimble v4 Max, d3-turbo, Sonnet 5.5 (LLM, JSON) · 52/52 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning52/52 (100.0%)
Mammoth-152/52 (100.0%)
Drex Max52/52 (100.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.252/52 (100.0%)
Nimble v4 Max52/52 (100.0%)
d3-turbo52/52 (100.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice52/52 (100.0%)
Respan Span-0251/52 (98.1%)
Liquid d1-ultra51/52 (98.1%)
kettei-fat51/52 (98.1%)
Mercury Decide51/52 (98.1%)
Amos 1 Large50/52 (96.2%)
Elephant-150/52 (96.2%)
Jev 1.1449/52 (94.2%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm49/52 (94.2%)
Liquid d149/52 (94.2%)
Cloudflare Clef49/52 (94.2%)
Jev 1.1348/52 (92.3%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.247/52 (90.4%)
Microsoft-Decision-147/52 (90.4%)
Drex v2.047/52 (90.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni46/52 (88.5%)
Drex v1.546/52 (88.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash44/52 (84.6%)
Luna 6 Decisions44/52 (84.6%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)39/52 (75.0%)
Kev 4B37/52 (71.2%)
ScaleDown Classify-130/52 (57.7%)
Solar Decide Flash29/52 (55.8%)

Choosing authoritative current records

F24 · 43 questions

Select the valid source rather than an outdated conflicting one

Example: Two records disagree; which controls under the stated authority and date policy?

Highest observed: kettei-fat · 43/43 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
kettei-fat43/43 (100.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning42/43 (97.7%)
Mammoth-142/43 (97.7%)
Drex Max42/43 (97.7%)
Perplexity Decider v1.242/43 (97.7%)
Nimble v4 Max42/43 (97.7%)
d3-turbo42/43 (97.7%)
Liquid d1-ultra42/43 (97.7%)
Amos 1 Large41/43 (95.3%)
Mercury Decide40/43 (93.0%)
Elephant-140/43 (93.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice39/43 (90.7%)
Jev 1.1339/43 (90.7%)
Cloudflare Clef39/43 (90.7%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.239/43 (90.7%)
Microsoft-Decision-139/43 (90.7%)
Drex v1.539/43 (90.7%)
Respan Span-0238/43 (88.4%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm38/43 (88.4%)
Liquid d138/43 (88.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash38/43 (88.4%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni38/43 (88.4%)
Jev 1.1437/43 (86.0%)
Drex v2.037/43 (86.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions36/43 (83.7%)
ScaleDown Classify-133/43 (76.7%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)29/43 (67.4%)
Solar Decide Flash23/43 (53.5%)
Kev 4B20/43 (46.5%)

Diagnosing faults from evidence

F25 · 50 questions

Match observed symptoms to explicit fault rules

Example: Which fault is consistent with the supplied test results?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 49/50 (98.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning49/50 (98.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.248/50 (96.0%)
d3-turbo48/50 (96.0%)
Mammoth-147/50 (94.0%)
Nimble v4 Max47/50 (94.0%)
Drex Max46/50 (92.0%)
Respan Span-0246/50 (92.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice46/50 (92.0%)
kettei-fat46/50 (92.0%)
Mercury Decide46/50 (92.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm46/50 (92.0%)
Liquid d146/50 (92.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-146/50 (92.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra45/50 (90.0%)
Jev 1.1445/50 (90.0%)
Elephant-145/50 (90.0%)
Amos 1 Large44/50 (88.0%)
Jev 1.1344/50 (88.0%)
Drex v2.044/50 (88.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni42/50 (84.0%)
Cloudflare Clef41/50 (82.0%)
Drex v1.541/50 (82.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash40/50 (80.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.239/50 (78.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)39/50 (78.0%)
Kev 4B36/50 (72.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions34/50 (68.0%)
Solar Decide Flash28/50 (56.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-125/50 (50.0%)
View or download the full-size chart for this group
All 29 routes: Causes, plans and exceptions; full category names, exact correct counts and percentages

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Risk, strategy and system behavior

These decisions involve uncertain outcomes, another actor, overlapping operations or possible information leaks.

“Without probabilities” means exactly that: the question gives possible situations and their costs, but does not say how likely each situation is. The model must use the specified worst-case loss or regret rule, rather than inventing an average.

ModelRisk with supplied probabilities8 questionsIs extra information worth its cost?8 questionsWorst-case choices without probabilities8 questionsAnticipating another decision-maker8 questionsChecking overlapping operations8 questionsDetecting secret-information leaks8 questions
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning5/862.5%6/875.0%6/875.0%4/850.0%7/887.5%8/8100.0%
Mammoth-15/862.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%6/875.0%5/862.5%6/875.0%
Drex Max5/862.5%4/850.0%5/862.5%5/862.5%3/837.5%7/887.5%
Respan Span-026/875.0%5/862.5%8/8100.0%5/862.5%5/862.5%5/862.5%
Perplexity Decider v1.25/862.5%4/850.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%6/875.0%
Nimble v4 Max4/850.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%5/862.5%3/837.5%6/875.0%
d3-turbo6/875.0%4/850.0%2/825.0%5/862.5%4/850.0%6/875.0%
Liquid d1-ultra5/862.5%5/862.5%4/850.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%5/862.5%
Amos 1 Large3/837.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%6/875.0%
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice5/862.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%1/812.5%5/862.5%7/887.5%
kettei-fat4/850.0%4/850.0%3/837.5%5/862.5%5/862.5%6/875.0%
Jev 1.145/862.5%4/850.0%2/825.0%5/862.5%4/850.0%6/875.0%
Jev 1.135/862.5%3/837.5%2/825.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%
Mercury Decide5/862.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%5/862.5%5/862.5%5/862.5%
Elephant-13/837.5%4/850.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%4/850.0%5/862.5%
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm6/875.0%4/850.0%4/850.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%7/887.5%
Liquid d13/837.5%3/837.5%2/825.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%5/862.5%
Cloudflare Clef2/825.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%5/862.5%6/875.0%
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.22/825.0%4/850.0%2/825.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%4/850.0%
Microsoft-Decision-14/850.0%4/850.0%2/825.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%6/875.0%
Drex v2.05/862.5%4/850.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%
Cloudflare Clef Flash3/837.5%4/850.0%5/862.5%3/837.5%2/825.0%4/850.0%
Cloudflare Clef Omni5/862.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%3/837.5%2/825.0%4/850.0%
Drex v1.51/812.5%5/862.5%2/825.0%2/825.0%4/850.0%4/850.0%
Kev 4B3/837.5%1/812.5%4/850.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%4/850.0%
Luna 6 Decisions5/862.5%4/850.0%4/850.0%2/825.0%3/837.5%4/850.0%
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)3/837.5%0/80.0%2/825.0%3/837.5%3/837.5%4/850.0%
ScaleDown Classify-11/812.5%2/825.0%1/812.5%1/812.5%1/812.5%3/837.5%
Solar Decide Flash1/812.5%2/825.0%0/80.0%2/825.0%4/850.0%4/850.0%

Rows keep the same overall-score order in every group. This is not a category-specific ranking. Expand a category card below for its own ranking.

Risk with supplied probabilities

F26 · 8 questions

Choose the action with the lowest probability-weighted cost, using the supplied likelihoods and costs.

Example: Which action minimizes the expected cost of a possible delay?

Highest observed: Respan Span-02, d3-turbo, Qwen3.8-Max (LLM, none) · 6/8 (75.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-026/8 (75.0%)
d3-turbo6/8 (75.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm6/8 (75.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning5/8 (62.5%)
Mammoth-15/8 (62.5%)
Drex Max5/8 (62.5%)
Perplexity Decider v1.25/8 (62.5%)
Liquid d1-ultra5/8 (62.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice5/8 (62.5%)
Jev 1.145/8 (62.5%)
Jev 1.135/8 (62.5%)
Mercury Decide5/8 (62.5%)
Drex v2.05/8 (62.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni5/8 (62.5%)
Luna 6 Decisions5/8 (62.5%)
Nimble v4 Max4/8 (50.0%)
kettei-fat4/8 (50.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-14/8 (50.0%)
Amos 1 Large3/8 (37.5%)
Elephant-13/8 (37.5%)
Liquid d13/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash3/8 (37.5%)
Kev 4B3/8 (37.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)3/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef2/8 (25.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.22/8 (25.0%)
Drex v1.51/8 (12.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-11/8 (12.5%)
Solar Decide Flash1/8 (12.5%)

Is extra information worth its cost?

F27 · 8 questions

Decide whether paying for a test before choosing an action reduces the probability-weighted cost enough to cover the test price.

Example: Should you buy a sensor reading before choosing an action, or is acting without the extra information cheaper overall?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 6/8 (75.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning6/8 (75.0%)
Respan Span-025/8 (62.5%)
Liquid d1-ultra5/8 (62.5%)
Drex v1.55/8 (62.5%)
Mammoth-14/8 (50.0%)
Drex Max4/8 (50.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.24/8 (50.0%)
d3-turbo4/8 (50.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice4/8 (50.0%)
kettei-fat4/8 (50.0%)
Jev 1.144/8 (50.0%)
Elephant-14/8 (50.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm4/8 (50.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.24/8 (50.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-14/8 (50.0%)
Drex v2.04/8 (50.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash4/8 (50.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions4/8 (50.0%)
Nimble v4 Max3/8 (37.5%)
Amos 1 Large3/8 (37.5%)
Jev 1.133/8 (37.5%)
Mercury Decide3/8 (37.5%)
Liquid d13/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef3/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni3/8 (37.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-12/8 (25.0%)
Solar Decide Flash2/8 (25.0%)
Kev 4B1/8 (12.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)0/8 (0.0%)

Worst-case choices without probabilities

F28 · 8 questions

Follow the stated worst-case rule when likelihoods are not supplied. Minimize either the largest possible loss or the largest regret (extra loss compared with the best action for each situation), as the question specifies. Do not invent probabilities.

Example: A route costs 4 in either situation; another costs 1 or 9. With no probabilities and a smallest-worst-case-cost rule, which route should be chosen?

Highest observed: Respan Span-02 · 8/8 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Respan Span-028/8 (100.0%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning6/8 (75.0%)
Drex Max5/8 (62.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash5/8 (62.5%)
Mammoth-14/8 (50.0%)
Nimble v4 Max4/8 (50.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra4/8 (50.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice4/8 (50.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm4/8 (50.0%)
Kev 4B4/8 (50.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions4/8 (50.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.23/8 (37.5%)
Amos 1 Large3/8 (37.5%)
kettei-fat3/8 (37.5%)
Mercury Decide3/8 (37.5%)
Elephant-13/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef3/8 (37.5%)
Drex v2.03/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni3/8 (37.5%)
d3-turbo2/8 (25.0%)
Jev 1.142/8 (25.0%)
Jev 1.132/8 (25.0%)
Liquid d12/8 (25.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.22/8 (25.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-12/8 (25.0%)
Drex v1.52/8 (25.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)2/8 (25.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-11/8 (12.5%)
Solar Decide Flash0/8 (0.0%)

Anticipating another decision-maker

F29 · 8 questions

Choose an action while accounting for the specified choices or payoff-maximizing response of another decision-maker.

Example: Which first move gives the best result after the other player chooses their own best reply?

Highest observed: Mammoth-1 · 6/8 (75.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
Mammoth-16/8 (75.0%)
Drex Max5/8 (62.5%)
Respan Span-025/8 (62.5%)
Nimble v4 Max5/8 (62.5%)
d3-turbo5/8 (62.5%)
kettei-fat5/8 (62.5%)
Jev 1.145/8 (62.5%)
Mercury Decide5/8 (62.5%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning4/8 (50.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.24/8 (50.0%)
Liquid d1-ultra3/8 (37.5%)
Amos 1 Large3/8 (37.5%)
Jev 1.133/8 (37.5%)
Elephant-13/8 (37.5%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm3/8 (37.5%)
Liquid d13/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef3/8 (37.5%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.23/8 (37.5%)
Microsoft-Decision-13/8 (37.5%)
Drex v2.03/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash3/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni3/8 (37.5%)
Kev 4B3/8 (37.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)3/8 (37.5%)
Drex v1.52/8 (25.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions2/8 (25.0%)
Solar Decide Flash2/8 (25.0%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice1/8 (12.5%)
ScaleDown Classify-11/8 (12.5%)

Checking overlapping operations

F30 · 8 questions

Decide whether overlapping operations and their reported results can fit a permitted one-at-a-time order that respects the specified timing and object rules.

Example: Two processes read and change the same stored value. Could their reported results fit an allowed one-at-a-time order?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 7/8 (87.5%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning7/8 (87.5%)
Mammoth-15/8 (62.5%)
Respan Span-025/8 (62.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice5/8 (62.5%)
kettei-fat5/8 (62.5%)
Mercury Decide5/8 (62.5%)
Cloudflare Clef5/8 (62.5%)
Perplexity Decider v1.24/8 (50.0%)
d3-turbo4/8 (50.0%)
Jev 1.144/8 (50.0%)
Jev 1.134/8 (50.0%)
Elephant-14/8 (50.0%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm4/8 (50.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-14/8 (50.0%)
Drex v2.04/8 (50.0%)
Drex v1.54/8 (50.0%)
Solar Decide Flash4/8 (50.0%)
Drex Max3/8 (37.5%)
Nimble v4 Max3/8 (37.5%)
Liquid d1-ultra3/8 (37.5%)
Amos 1 Large3/8 (37.5%)
Liquid d13/8 (37.5%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.23/8 (37.5%)
Kev 4B3/8 (37.5%)
Luna 6 Decisions3/8 (37.5%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)3/8 (37.5%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash2/8 (25.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni2/8 (25.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-11/8 (12.5%)

Detecting secret-information leaks

F31 · 8 questions

Check whether changing a protected secret can change an observable result in a way the stated policy forbids.

Example: If public inputs stay the same, could public output distinguish two secret values that the policy says must remain indistinguishable?

Highest observed: GPT-6 Sol (LLM, none) · 8/8 (100.0%)

All 29 routes in this category
ModelCorrect / questions (%)
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning8/8 (100.0%)
Drex Max7/8 (87.5%)
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice7/8 (87.5%)
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm7/8 (87.5%)
Mammoth-16/8 (75.0%)
Perplexity Decider v1.26/8 (75.0%)
Nimble v4 Max6/8 (75.0%)
d3-turbo6/8 (75.0%)
Amos 1 Large6/8 (75.0%)
kettei-fat6/8 (75.0%)
Jev 1.146/8 (75.0%)
Cloudflare Clef6/8 (75.0%)
Microsoft-Decision-16/8 (75.0%)
Respan Span-025/8 (62.5%)
Liquid d1-ultra5/8 (62.5%)
Mercury Decide5/8 (62.5%)
Elephant-15/8 (62.5%)
Liquid d15/8 (62.5%)
Jev 1.134/8 (50.0%)
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.24/8 (50.0%)
Drex v2.04/8 (50.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Flash4/8 (50.0%)
Cloudflare Clef Omni4/8 (50.0%)
Drex v1.54/8 (50.0%)
Kev 4B4/8 (50.0%)
Luna 6 Decisions4/8 (50.0%)
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter)4/8 (50.0%)
Solar Decide Flash4/8 (50.0%)
ScaleDown Classify-13/8 (37.5%)
View or download the full-size chart for this group
All 29 routes: Risk, strategy and system behavior; full category names, exact correct counts and percentages

PNG · SVG

Download the full named-category score matrix (CSV). Display names use plain language; stable category IDs and the tested data are unchanged. Examples explain the task types; they are illustrations, not additional scored questions.

Delivered decisions and failures

Model Usable first Wrong valid Provider failures Output failures Recoveries Eventual correct
GPT-6 Sol — no reasoning 1342 199 0 0 0 1143
Mammoth-1 1342 203 0 0 0 1139
Drex Max 1342 215 0 0 0 1127
Respan Span-02 1342 215 0 0 0 1127
Perplexity Decider v1.2 1341 221 1 0 1 1121
Nimble v4 Max 1342 227 0 0 0 1115
d3-turbo 1342 236 0 0 0 1106
Liquid d1-ultra 1341 257 1 0 1 1085
Amos 1 Large 1342 268 0 0 0 1074
Sonnet 5.5 — no thinking, JSON-choice 1342 272 0 0 0 1070
kettei-fat 1342 276 0 0 0 1066
Jev 1.14 1342 312 0 0 0 1030
Jev 1.13 1342 316 0 0 0 1026
Mercury Decide 1342 325 0 0 0 1017
Elephant-1 1342 338 0 0 0 1004
Qwen3.8-Max — none, Hyper Charm 1317 350 25 0 23 971
Liquid d1 1342 377 0 0 0 965
Cloudflare Clef 1342 406 0 0 0 936
Perplexity Decider Flash v1.2 1286 363 56 0 56 940
Microsoft-Decision-1 1342 421 0 0 0 921
Drex v2.0 1302 387 40 0 40 933
Cloudflare Clef Flash 1342 482 0 0 0 860
Cloudflare Clef Omni 1341 481 1 0 1 861
Drex v1.5 1342 489 0 0 0 853
Kev 4B 1342 520 0 0 0 822
Luna 6 Decisions 1300 542 42 0 42 761
Tev1 4B experimental (OpenRouter native adapter) 1342 591 0 0 0 751
ScaleDown Classify-1 1342 792 0 0 0 550
Solar Decide Flash 1340 802 2 0 2 539

Image input is a separate test

Mammoth-1 and Elephant-1 are text-only on the tested catalog routes. Drex Max documents image input through its direct Nace API; no image score is inferred here. The separate image benchmark and its measured results are unchanged.

Method, cost and measurement limits

The comparison contains 26 specialized decision models and three no-reasoning LLM reference routes: 29 × 1342 = 38,918 first attempts. All earlier 26 model records are preserved exactly. New full-bank runs: October 21, 2026, America/Toronto; Mammoth and Elephant direct through Baseten, Drex Max through OpenRouter’s pinned DeepInfra endpoint.

Same frozen 1342-question bank, seed 2026101906, original five choices and native inputs. Every first attempt remains in the accuracy and latency denominator, including failures. One recovery is allowed only for transport failures or HTTP 408/429/5xx; no answer-dependent retries. All 4026 new first attempts returned usable decisions, with zero recoveries and zero probability-format warnings. After at least 20 questions, a cumulative median above 2000 ms stops a route; none of the three reached that threshold.

Response timing starts before a fresh HTTPS connection and ends after the full response body. Preparation, deliberate pacing, queue waits and recovery delays are outside the response timer. Two requests per model run in barrier waves, with up to three models active. Provider hardware, dates, loads and routes are not controlled away; latency is not batch throughput or an isolated inference-speed measurement.

Baseten’s catalog and returned latest serving aliases identify Mammoth-1 and Elephant-1, not immutable weights. Drex returned nace-ai/drex-max-20261016 from DeepInfra. Baseten’s official technical report describes one-pass option-logit decisions. These native requests ask for neither reasoning nor explanations. Reported native output-token counters are retained; a nonzero counter alone is not evidence of thinking. Undisclosed internal execution cannot be independently verified from an API envelope.

Drex uses reported usage.cost for every attempt. Baseten promotional access is labelled separately from metered receipts. Separate compatibility probes and the two 20-case OpenRouter controls are excluded from the 4026 ranked first attempts. Missing charges remain unknown, not zero. Existing Nimble price estimates and Qwen prepaid-quota valuations retain their original labels.

This is a developing benchmark with uneven category sizes and dependent variants, not 1342 independent observations or a pristine held-out evaluation. The 37 permanent author-development exclusions retain their separate 1305-case diagnostic. Two audited ambiguous original items were already replaced before these runs. All 206 additions retain their existing independent verification and computational evidence; the original bank received a targeted difficult-item audit, not independent external verification of every original question.

Public exports contain unchanged answer-free question inputs, aggregate category scores and sanitized evidence hashes—not answer keys, per-item correctness, private verifier outputs, raw account state or credentials. Public checks verify consistency but cannot reproduce private-key scoring or raw-latency pooling. REAX 1 is not included: a hosted API for that exact fine-tune has not been confirmed.

Questions, data and audit

29-route aggregate JSON ·Model CSV ·Named-category CSV ·Sanitized audit receipt ·Release manifest ·Plain-text findings

Unchanged answer-free questions: CSV ·Exact native JSONL ·Readable text.