# Sequential state tracking

[All families](README.md) · [Methods](../METHODOLOGY.md)

## VB0105

Across Images 1, 2 and 3 in that order, how does the visible illuminated fraction of the solar disk change?

Rules: Compare the fraction of the disk that is lit, not color, exposure or the amount of black margin around each crop. These are ordered crops from one existing photographic sequence.

![Image 1, NS_A0001_F1](../images/NS_A0001_F1.png)

Image 1 credit: [Douglas Duncan/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0); File:Smartphone Partial Eclipse Combined (ann23043r).jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smartphone_Partial_Eclipse_Combined_(ann23043r).jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 2, NS_A0001_F2](../images/NS_A0001_F2.png)

Image 2 credit: [Douglas Duncan/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0); File:Smartphone Partial Eclipse Combined (ann23043r).jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smartphone_Partial_Eclipse_Combined_(ann23043r).jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 3, NS_A0001_F3](../images/NS_A0001_F3.png)

Image 3 credit: [Douglas Duncan/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0); File:Smartphone Partial Eclipse Combined (ann23043r).jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smartphone_Partial_Eclipse_Combined_(ann23043r).jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: It decreases and then increases
- 2: It increases and then decreases
- 3: It increases at both transitions
- 4: It decreases at both transitions

## VB0113

Which visible change occurs between Images 2 and 3 in this ordered frog-jump sequence?

Rules: Track the main frog. Describe the pictured limb and body positions only; do not predict forces or infer an unseen frame.

![Image 1, NS_A0002_F1](../images/NS_A0002_F1.png)

Image 1 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 2, NS_A0002_F2](../images/NS_A0002_F2.png)

Image 2 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 3, NS_A0002_F3](../images/NS_A0002_F3.png)

Image 3 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Rana-dybowskii-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: Hind legs move under the body while the front of the body rises
- 2: Hind legs move under the body while the front of the body lowers
- 3: Hind legs move above the back while the front of the body rises
- 4: Hind legs move from roughly behind the body to above its back while the front of the body lowers

## VB0114

Which sequence describes the main frog's visible hind-leg configurations across Images 1, 2 and 3?

Rules: Use the supplied image order and the coarse pictured configurations, not exact joint angles or inferred contact with the floor.

![Image 1, NS_A0003_F1](../images/NS_A0003_F1.png)

Image 1 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 2, NS_A0003_F2](../images/NS_A0003_F2.png)

Image 2 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 3, NS_A0003_F3](../images/NS_A0003_F3.png)

Image 3 credit: [Li et al;; File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg; CC BY 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frame-Sequence-of-Xenopus-Laevis-Jump.jpg), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: Folded under body; split in different directions; extended back in roughly similar directions
- 2: Extended back in roughly similar directions; folded under body; split in different directions
- 3: Folded under body; extended back in roughly similar directions; split with one leg angled upward
- 4: Split in different directions; extended back in roughly similar directions; folded under body

## VB0142

From panel4 through panel5 to panel6, which movement sequence does the grey tool make relative to the two pads?

Rules: Track the grey tool, not the yellow wire or panel positions on the page. Compare its location relative to the left and right pads in each stage.

![Image 1, NC_A0028](../images/NC_A0028.png)

Image 1 credit: [Retired electrician; File:Ball-wedge sequence.svg; CC0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ball-wedge_sequence.svg), [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: From above the right pad to down at the left pad, then up above the left pad
- 2: It remains above the left pad throughout
- 3: From above the left pad to down at the right pad, then up above the right pad
- 4: It moves up above the right pad, then down onto that pad

## VB0157

Scanning the displayed stages from left to right, which transition first introduces a visible white fluffy center?

Rules: Compare the pictured stages in their given order, not a remembered botanical life cycle. A pale green fuzzy outside on an unopened bud is not a white fluffy center.

![Image 1, NC_A0049](../images/NC_A0049.png)

Image 1 credit: [DrunkBicyclist; File:Creosote Bush Flower Stages.jpg; CC0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Creosote_Bush_Flower_Stages.jpg), [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: From the opening yellow bud to the fully spread yellow flower
- 2: From the small green bud to the larger green bud
- 3: Only the transition into the final stage at the far right
- 4: From the fully spread yellow flower to the brown petal cup immediately to its right

## VB0158

Reading just the six hanging-case pictures left-to-right across the upper small row, then the lower small row, which is the first whose broad lower section is mostly dark rather than pale and striped?

Rules: Ignore the large caterpillar picture and the final spread-wing adult. Compare the broad lower section of each hanging case, not the orange spots on its narrow upper body.

![Image 1, NC_A0050](../images/NC_A0050.png)

Image 1 credit: [Nick Hobgood; File:Acraea zetes caterpillar to pupae to butterfly metamorphosis by Nick Hobgood.jpg; CC BY-SA 3.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acraea_zetes_caterpillar_to_pupae_to_butterfly_metamorphosis_by_Nick_Hobgood.jpg), [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: The middle picture in the lower small row
- 2: The last picture in the upper small row
- 3: The first picture in the lower small row
- 4: The first picture in the upper small row

## VB0169

A visual gate triggers after seven consecutive pictured ball positions whose centers are in the upper half of the photograph. Which bounce arc triggers the gate?

Rules: Test the taller left arc and shorter right arc separately, in left-to-right order. Use ball centers, not their upper edges, and the horizontal middle of the whole photograph. The overlapping positions near a peak still count separately. Do not infer unpictured positions.

![Image 1, NC_A0055](../images/NC_A0055.png)

Image 1 credit: [MichaelMaggs Edit by Richard Bartz; File:Bouncing ball strobe edit.jpg; CC BY-SA 3.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg), [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: Both arcs
- 2: Neither arc
- 3: The taller left arc only
- 4: The shorter right arc only

## VB0170

At the highest pictured position in the moving diver's sequence, which body configuration is shown before the later head-down entry?

Rules: Track the diver in striped blue-and-white trunks, not the stationary people. Compare the actual pose at the greatest height; different diving styles could plausibly use the other configurations, so do not choose from a generic remembered dive sequence.

![Image 1, NC_A0057](../images/NC_A0057.jpg)

Image 1 credit: [Chris Hunkeler from Carlsbad, California, USA; File:Diving Sequence (41497552975).jpg; CC BY-SA 2.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diving_Sequence_(41497552975).jpg), [CC BY-SA 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: A compact tuck with bent knees drawn close to the torso
- 2: A fully extended body with straight hips and knees
- 3: An upright feet-down body with bent knees well below the torso
- 4: A pike with straight knees and the torso folded toward the legs

## VB0171

A running counter starts at0. Process Images1,2 and3 in order: add1 when the broad flukes are near-black and mottled; reset the counter to0 when they are mostly uniform grey. What is the final counter value?

Rules: Classify the broad fluke surfaces, not water, spray or the narrow stalk. Apply the update separately at every frame. The counter describes a visual monitoring rule, not a biological change in skin color.

![Image 1, NW_A0001_F1](../images/NW_A0001_F1.jpg)

Image 1 credit: [Jules Verne Times Two; File:Sequence of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) diving, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected).jpg; CC BY-SA 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sequence_of_sperm_whale_(Physeter_macrocephalus)_diving,_S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island,_Azores,_Portugal_(PPL1-Corrected).jpg), [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 2, NW_A0001_F2](../images/NW_A0001_F2.jpg)

Image 2 credit: [Jules Verne Times Two; File:Sequence of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) diving, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected).jpg; CC BY-SA 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sequence_of_sperm_whale_(Physeter_macrocephalus)_diving,_S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island,_Azores,_Portugal_(PPL1-Corrected).jpg), [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

![Image 3, NW_A0001_F3](../images/NW_A0001_F3.jpg)

Image 3 credit: [Jules Verne Times Two; File:Sequence of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) diving, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected).jpg; CC BY-SA 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sequence_of_sperm_whale_(Physeter_macrocephalus)_diving,_S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island,_Azores,_Portugal_(PPL1-Corrected).jpg), [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: 0
- 2: 1
- 3: 2
- 4: 3

## VB0180

A visual alarm activates only after two consecutive solar positions whose bright regions are partly covered by a foreground boat. By the final position in this composite, has the alarm activated?

Rules: Process all six solar positions from upper-left toward lower-right. The smooth Moon-shaped bite and the sea horizon are not boats. Only actual overlap of a boat silhouette with a bright solar region qualifies, not a boat elsewhere in the frame.

![Image 1, NC_A0013](../images/NC_A0013.png)

Image 1 credit: [Marika Caruana; File:Partial solar eclipse sequence.jpg; CC BY-SA 4.0; via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Partial_solar_eclipse_sequence.jpg), [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). See the [asset manifest](../data/assets.jsonl) for preparation notes.

Options:

- 1: No; the longest qualifying run is one position
- 2: Yes; the final three positions all qualify
- 3: Yes; all six positions qualify
- 4: Yes; the final two positions both qualify